Cappadocia lands have hosted many different civilizations until today. The oldest civilization known to have lived in these lands was recorded as Assyrians. After the Assyrians, the region came under the rule of the Hittites and the foundations of a great empire were laid in the region. After the Hittite domination, which continued until the 12th century BC, a period that is described as darkness begins in the region. The conflicts between the kingdoms, the struggle for dominance in the trade routes and the resistance shown against Alexander the Great in 332 BC are sufficient to understand the richness of Cappadocia history. Later, with the arrival of Christians in the region, a new era begins. The increase in the presence of Christians escaping from the oppressions between the 7th and 13th centuries made Cappadocia one of the most important Christian centers. The excavations made in these lands, which have become the center of attraction of civilizations with the effect of its geographical location and climate features, reveal that the settlement dates back to the Chalcolithic period.